Ultrasonic Testing Course
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tamilnadu. Ultrasonic inspection is a non-destructive method in which
high frequency sound waves are
introduced into the material being inspected. Most ultrasonic inspection
is done at frequencies
between 0.5 and 20 MHz, well above the range of human hearing which is
about 20 Hz to 20
kHz. The sound waves travel through the material with some loss of
energy (attenuation) due to
material characteristics. The intensity of sound waves is either
measured, after reflection (pulse
echo) at interfaces (or flaw) or is measured at the opposite surface of
the specimen (pulse
transmission).
The reflected beam is detected and analyzed to define the presence and location of
flaws. The degree of reflection depends largely on the physical state of matter on the opposite side
of the interface, and to a lesser extent on specific physical properties of that matter, for instance,
sound waves are almost completely reflected at metal-gas interfaces. Partial reflection occurs at
metal-liquid or metal-solid interfaces. Ultrasonic testing has a superior penetrating power than
radiography and can detect flaws deep in the test specimen (say up to about 6 to 7 metre of steel).
It is quite sensitive to small flaws and allows the precise determination of the location and size of
the flaws. The basic principle of ultrasonic testing is illustrated